Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Vikings: A Documentary History MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9: Leif Erikson Day: -- An annual observance on October 9 that honors Icelandic-born explorer Leif Erikson (Old Norse: Leifr Eiriksson, Icelandic: Leifur Eiriksson, Norwegian: Leiv Eiriksson, Swedish: Leif Eriksson) also known as Leif The Lucky (Old Norse: Leif Inn Heppni), the Norse explorer who led the first Europeans known to have set foot in continental North America (other than Greenland). The son of Erik The Red, Leif Erikson left the European continent and landed in North America around the year 1,000, approximately half a millennium before Christopher Columbus. According to the sagas of Icelanders, he established a Norse settlement at Vinland, which is usually interpreted as being coastal North America. The 1874 book America Not Discovered by Columbus by Norwegian-American Rasmus B. Anderson helped popularize the idea that Vikings were the first Europeans in the New World, an idea that was verified in 1960 when an archaeological site of a Norse settlement was discovered at L'Anse aux Meadows on the northernmost tip of the island of Newfoundland in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. On October 9, 1825, a sloop named, Restauration, with 52 Norwegian Quakers on board, landed in New York Harbor, beginning what would become the first organized immigration from Norway to the United States. In commemoration of their journey and their exploring ancestor, Congress selected October 9 for National Leif Erickson, and President Calvin Coolidge gave recognition to Leif Erikson as the discoverer of America based on research by Norwegian-American scholars such as Knut Geirset and Ludvig-Hektoen. United States Representative John Blatnik from Duluth introduced a bill in 1963 to observe Leif Erikson Day nationwide. On September 2, 1964, the United States Congress passed Joint Resolution 88-566, authorizing the President to proclaim October 9 as Leif Erikson Day. President Lyndon B. Johnson and each president since have done so. In the proclamations, the Presidents have praised the contributions of Americans of Nordic descent generally and the spirit of discovery. Some states officially commemorate National Leif Erikson Day in addition to the federal observance. This occurs particularly in the Upper Midwest, where there are large numbers of people from the Nordic countries settled. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-vikings-a-documentary-history-mp4-video-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Triumph Of The West 13 Part TV Documentary Series DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9, 768: The French Monarchy (The Monarchy Of The Kingdom Of France): Coronations: -- Carloman I and Charlemagne are both crowned kings of the Franks. Carloman I, also Karlmann (June 28, 751 - December 4, 771) was king of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771. He was the second surviving son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon and was a younger brother of Charlemagne. No one knows who slew him. Carloman is mainly regarded by historians as Charlemagne's first steps towards acquiring the Holy Roman Empire, as his death allowed Charlemagne to take all of Francia and begin his expansion into other kingdoms. Charlemagne, or Charles the Great (German: Karl der Grosse, Italian: Carlo Magno/Carlomagno; April 2, 742 - January 28, 814), numbered Charles I, was King of the Franks from 768, King of the Lombards from 774, and Holy Roman Emperor from 800. He united much of western and central Europe during the Early Middle Ages. He was the first recognised emperor to rule from western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. The expanded Frankish state that Charlemagne founded is called the Carolingian Empire. He was later canonized by Antipope Paschal III. Charlemagne was the eldest son of Pepin the Short and Bertrada of Laon, born before their canonical marriage. He became king in 768 following his father's death, initially as co-ruler with his brother Carloman I. Carloman's sudden death in December 771 under unexplained circumstances left Charlemagne as the sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom. He continued his father's policy towards the papacy and became its protector, removing the Lombards from power in northern Italy and leading an incursion into Muslim Spain. He campaigned against the Saxons to his east, Christianizing them upon penalty of death and leading to events such as the Massacre of Verden. He reached the height of his power in 800 when he was crowned "Emperor of the Romans" by Pope Leo III on Christmas Day at Rome's Old St. Peter's Basilica. Charlemagne has been called the "Father of Europe" (Pater Europae), as he united most of Western Europe for the first time since the classical era of the Roman Empire and united parts of Europe that had never been under Frankish rule. His rule spurred the Carolingian Renaissance, a period of energetic cultural and intellectual activity within the Western Church. All Holy Roman Emperors considered their kingdoms to be descendants of Charlemagne's empire, as did the French and German monarchies. However, the Eastern Orthodox Church views Charlemagne more controversially, labelling as heterodox his support of the filioque and the Pope's recognizing him as legitimate Roman Emperor rather than Irene of Athens of the Byzantine Empire. These and other machinations led to the eventual split of Rome and Constantinople in the Great Schism of 1054. Charlemagne died in 814, having ruled as emperor for 13 years. He was laid to rest in his imperial capital city of Aachen. He married at least four times and had three legitimate sons, but only his son Louis the Pious survived to succeed him. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/triumph-of-the-west-tv-series-5-dual-layer-dvds-all-13-sh513.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Longest Hatred: Antisemitism & Jewish Persecution DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9, 1859: #BOTD: #HBD! Alfred Dreyfus, French colonel, Jewish artillery officer whose persecutionary trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason became known as the Dreyfus Affair, one of the most tense political dramas in modern French history, carrying a wide echo through all Europe (d. July 12, 1935) is #born in Mulhouse, Alsace, French Empire. The Dreyfus Affair incident eventually ended with Dreyfus's complete exoneration. The Dreyfus Affair was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The affair is often seen as a modern and universal symbol of injustice, and it remains one of the most notable examples of a complex miscarriage of justice and antisemitism. The major role played by the press and public opinion proved influential in the lasting social conflict. The scandal began in December 1894 with the treason conviction of Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a young French artillery officer of Alsatian and Jewish descent. Sentenced to life imprisonment for allegedly communicating French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris, Dreyfus was imprisoned on Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent nearly five years. Evidence came to light in 1896-primarily through an investigation instigated by Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage-identifying a French Army major named Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy as the real culprit. After high-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence, a military court unanimously acquitted Esterhazy after a trial lasting only two days. The Army then accused Dreyfus with additional charges based on falsified documents. Word of the military court's framing of Dreyfus and of an attempted cover-up began to spread, chiefly owing to J'accuse_!, a vehement open letter published in a Paris newspaper in January 1898 by writer Emile Zola. Activists put pressure on the government to reopen the case. In 1899, Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial. The intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided French society between those who supported Dreyfus (now called "Dreyfusards"), such as Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Henri Poincare and Georges Clemenceau, and those who condemned him (the anti-Dreyfusards), such as Edouard Drumont, the director and publisher of the antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole. The new trial resulted in another conviction and a 10-year sentence, but Dreyfus was given a pardon and set free. Eventually all the accusations against Dreyfus were demonstrated to be baseless. In 1906 Dreyfus was exonerated and reinstated as a major in the French Army. He served during the whole of World War I, ending his service with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. Alfred Dreyfus died in Paris, France exactly 29 years after his exoneration, aged 75. Two days later, his funeral cortege passed the Place de la Concorde through the ranks of troops assembled for the Bastille Day national holiday. He is interred in the Cimetiere du Montparnasse, Paris. The inscription on his tombstone is in French. It reads (translated to English): ========= "Here Lies Lieutenant Colonel Alfred Dreyfus Officer of the Legion of Honour 9 October 1859 - 12 July 1935" ========= A statue of Dreyfus holding his broken sword is located at Boulevard Raspail, at the exit of the Notre-Dame-des-Champs metro station. A duplicate statue stands in the courtyard of the Museum Of Jewish Art and History in Paris. Lucie Dreyfus, who had played a major role in the fight to exonerate her husband, was hidden in a convent in Valence during the German occupation. Their son, Pierre Leon Dreyfus (1891-1946), escaped to the United States in 1943. Their daughter, Jeanne Dreyfus Levy (1893-1981), also survived, but granddaughter Madeleine Levy, arrested by French police in Toulouse, was deported and died of typhus in Auschwitz in January 1944, aged 25. The Dreyfus Affair from 1894 to 1906 divided France deeply and lastingly into two opposing camps: the pro-Army, mostly Catholic "anti-Dreyfusards" and the anticlerical, pro-republican Dreyfusards. It embittered French politics and encouraged radicalization. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-longest-hatred-antisemitism-amp-jewish-persecution-dvd-mp3-us3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: China In Revolution 1911-1949 TV Series DVD, Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9, 1911: China: The History Of China: The Century Of Humiliation (The Hundred Years Of National Humiliation) (1838-1945): Anti-Qing Movements: The 1911 Revolution (The Xinhai Revolution , The Hsinhai Revolution): The Wuchang Uprising: -- An accidental bomb explosion in Hankou (later merged with Wuhan) in the Hubei province of China leads to the beginning of the Wuchang Uprising armed rebellion in the Wuchang District of Wuhan, which resulted the following day in the 1911 Revolution (Chinese: Xinhai Geming), also known as the Chinese Revolution or the Xinhai Revolution, that brought about the ultimate fall of the Qing Empire and the establishment of the Republic Of China (ROC) on October 10, 1911 (The National Day Of The Republic Of China [Taiwan], also referred to as Double Ten Day or Double Tenth Day). There were two revolutionary groups in the Wuhan area at the time - the Literary Society and the Progressive Association. These groups, led by Jiang Yiwu and Sun Wu respectively, worked closely together as commander and Chief Of Staff of the revolutionary efforts in Wuhan. Beginning in September, 1911, these two groups began negotiating for possible collaboration in the next uprising with the Tongmenghui, a secret society and underground resistance movement founded by Sun Yat-Sen, Song Jiaoren, and others in Tokyo, Japan, on August 20, 1905. The date was originally set for October 6, on the Mid-Autumn festival. The date was later postponed, due to inadequate preparations. On October 9, while Sun Wu was supervising the making of explosive devices in the Russian concession in Hankou, one of the devices exploded unexpectedly, inflicting serious injuries on Sun. When he was hospitalized, the hospital staff discovered his identity and alerted the Qing authorities. With their identities revealed, the revolutionaries in the New Army stationed in Wuchang were facing imminent arrest by the Qing authorities. The New Army, fully called the Newly Created Army (Chinese Xinjian Lujun) was the modernized army corps formed under the Qing dynasty influenced by revolutionary ideas from Tongmenghu in December 1895, following its defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War, envisioned as militia fully trained and equipped according to Western standards. To prevent their arrests, the decision was made by Jiang Yiwu of the Literary Society to immediately launch the uprising, but the plot was leaked to the Viceroy of Huguang, and he ordered a crackdown of the revolutionaries, arresting and executing several prominent members. On the evening of October 10, Wu Zhaolin as provisional commander led the revolutionary elements of the New Army staged a mutiny against the Qing garrison in Huguang, capturing the residence of the Viceroy Ruicheng in the process along with securing strategic points in the city after intense fighting. As the Viceroy escaped, the Qing garrison fell into disarray. Between the night of October 10 and noon of 11th, the New Army took control of the entire city, with "more than 500 Manchu soldiers were killed" with "over 300 captured". Following the uprising, several other uprisings quickly spread across southern China as part of the beginning of the Xinhai Revolution. The uprising and the eventual revolution directly led not only to the downfall of the Qing Dynasty but also brought an end to two millennia of imperial rule, and the establishment of the Republic Of China (ROC). The uprising originated from the political advantage taken of the popular unrest about a railway crisis known as The Railway Protection Movement (Chinese: Baolu yundong), also known as the Railway Rights Protection Movement, a political protest movement that erupted against the Qing government's plan to nationalize local railway development projects and to transfer their control to foreign banks. The movement, centered in Sichuan province, expressed mass discontent with Qing rule, and galvanized anti-Qing opposition. The mobilization of imperial troops from neighboring Hubei Province to suppress the Railway Protection Movement created the opportunity for the revolutionaries in Wuhan to launch the Wuchang Uprising. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/china-in-revolution-19111949-dvd-2-part-tv-documenta191119492.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: French Ministry Of Defense: World War I 1914-1918 DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9, 1914: The European Civil War: World War I: The First European War (The European Theater Of World War I): The Western Front Of World War I: The Siege Of Antwerp (1914) (Dutch: Beleg Van Antwerpen, French: Siege D'Anvers, German: Belagerung Von Antwerpen): -- Antwerp, Belgium falls to German troops. The Siege Of Antwerp was an engagement between the German and the Belgian, British and French armies around the fortified city of Antwerp during World War I. German troops besieged a garrison of Belgian fortress troops, the Belgian field army and the British Royal Naval Division in the Antwerp area, after the German Invasion Of Belgium in August 1914. The city, which was ringed by forts known as the National Redoubt, was besieged to the south and east by German forces. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/french-ministry-of-defense-world-war-i-191419141918.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle Of Britain & The Blitz Documentaries Set DVD, MP4, USB
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9-10, 1940: The European Civil War: World War II: The Second European War (The European Theater Of World War II): Aviation: Military Aviation: Air Warfare Of World War II: The Battle Of Britain: European Air Operations During The Battle Of Europe: Strategic Bombing During World War II: German Strategic Bombing During World War II: The Blitz: -- During a night-time air raid by the German Luftwaffe, St. Paul's Cathedral in the City of London, England is hit by a bomb. The cathedral survived being struck by bombs three times during the Blitz, twice successfully on October 10, 1940 and April 17, 1941, and once unsuccessfully on September 12, 1940. The first successful strike destroyed the high altar, while the second successful strike on the north transept left a hole in the floor above the crypt. The latter bomb is believed to have detonated in the upper interior above the north transept and the force was sufficient to shift the entire dome laterally by a small amount. On September 12, 1940 a time-delayed bomb that had struck the cathedral was successfully defused and removed by a bomb disposal detachment of Royal Engineers under the command of Temporary Lieutenant Robert Davies. Had this bomb detonated, it would have totally destroyed the cathedral; it left a 100-foot (30 m) crater when later remotely detonated in a secure location. As a result of this action, Davies and Sapper George Cameron Wylie were each awarded the George Cross. Davies' George Cross and other medals are on display at the Imperial War Museum, London. One of the best known images of London during the war was a photograph of St Paul's taken on 29 December 1940 during the "Second Great Fire Of London" by photographer Herbert Mason, from the roof of a building in Tudor Street showing the cathedral shrouded in smoke. Lisa Jardine of Queen Mary, University of London, has written: "Wreathed in billowing smoke, amidst the chaos and destruction of war, the pale dome stands proud and glorious-indomitable. At the height of that air-raid, Sir Winston Churchill telephoned the Guildhall to insist that all fire-fighting resources be directed at St Paul's. The cathedral must be saved, he said, damage to the fabric would sap the morale of the country." On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/battle-of-britain-dvd-dual-layer-wwii-documentaries.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: The Beatles The Birth Of Apple Corps TV & Radio Shows MP3 Set, CD, USB
Today, October 9. 2025

( #JCKaelin here: I was one of the mourners who stood in the rain in front of The Dakota on December 9, 1980 in honor of his death the day prior. I left a note in the gate of The Dakota as many others did, thanking him for so gracing my life; he was, after all, my primary role model during my rock & roll guitar playing teenage years. I'll never forget the experience of seeing a sea of umbrellas (appropriate since he was English) spread out on the rain-soaked streets in front The Dakota, looking like lily pads, with each harboring beneath them mourners with radios playing songs they all sang along to, oddly reminiscent of the sing-alongs of The Beatles cartoon TV series; my bandmate Eric and I floated from umbrella to umbrella to find a radio playing a song we felt most fit to sing along to at that moment; a transfiguring moment in time, one I will never forget, and an experience that will never again be repeated in the lives of those who lived it...) ========= October 9, 1940: #BOTD: #HBD! John Lennon, English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of the Beatles, the influential rock group and most successful entertainment act in history, captivating audiences first in England and Germany, and later in America and throughout the world (d. December 8, 1980) is #born John Winston Lennon in Liverpool, England; his first son, Sean Lennon, British-American singer, songwriter, guitarist, bassist, keyboardist, drummer, omnichordist and record producer was on October 9, 1975, his father's 35th birthday. John Winston Ono Lennon was a founding member of The Beatles, the influential rock group and most successful entertainment act in history, captivating audiences first in England and Germany, and later in America and throughout the world. He was murdered in New York City on December 8, 1980. John Lennon died when he is assassinated in New York City in the archway in front of The Dakota apartment building where he resided by Mark David Chapman, an American Beatles fan who was incensed by Lennon's lavish lifestyle and his 1966 comment that the Beatles were "more popular than Jesus". The following day, Lennon's remains were cremated at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York, and his ashes were scattered in Central Park, in an area where Lennon had frequently walked directly across from and in sight of The Dakota, a site that New York City since dedicated as Strawberry Fields; in a symbolic show of unity, countries from around the world donated trees, and the city of Naples, Italy, donated its Imagine mosaic centerpiece. In lieu of a funeral, Ono requested 10 minutes of silence around the world. Following news of his death, a worldwide outpouring of grief ensued; crowds gathered at Roosevelt Hospital and in front of the Dakota, and at least three Beatles fans died by suicide. Chapman later pleaded guilty to murdering Lennon and was given a sentence of 20-years-to-life imprisonment. He has been denied parole every time he has come before the parole board since he became eligible in 2000, most recently in May of 2024. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/the-beatles-the-birth-of-apple-corp-tv-amp-radio-shows-mp3-c3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: Conspiracy The Trial Of The Chicago 8 + Yippie For Pigasus DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9, 1969: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War In Asia: The Indochina Wars: The Vietnam War (The Second Indochina War, The Vietnam Conflict, The Resistance War Against America): The United States In The Vietnam War: Opposition To United States Involvement In The Vietnam War: The Chicago Seven (The Chicago Eight, The Conspiracy Eight, The Conspiracy Seven) -- The Illinois National Guard is called in for crowd control as demonstrations continue in Chicago in connection with the trial of the "Chicago Eight" that began on September 24. The Chicago Seven, originally Chicago Eight until Black Panther Bobby Seale had his trial severed during the proceedings, were seven defendants-Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, David Dellinger, Tom Hayden, Rennie Davis, John Froines, and Lee Weiner-charged by the federal government with conspiracy, inciting to riot, and other charges related to anti-Vietnam War and countercultural protests that took place in Chicago, Illinois, on the occasion of the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Bobby Seale was eventually sentenced to four years in prison for contempt of court, although this ruling was later reversed. After a federal trial resulting in both acquittals and convictions, followed by appeals, and reversals, some of the seven defendants were finally convicted, although all of the convictions were later reversed. On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/conspiracy-the-trial-of-the-chicago-8-dvd-1987-tv-docu81987.html

Today's EarthStation1.com 15% Off Commemorative Memorial Title: CIA The Secret Files The Central Intelligence Agency TV Series MP4 DVD
Today, October 9. 2025

October 9, 1967: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1962-1979): The Cold War Era Of Stagnation (1964-1982): The Cold War In South America: The Bolivian Campaign (Nancahuazu Guerrilla Ejercito De Liberacion Nacional De Bolivia, National Liberation Army Of Bolivia; ELN): Che Guevara's Capture And Execution: -- #DOTD: Marxist revolutionary guerrilla leader Che Guevara, one day after he and his men were captured in Bolivia while they were attempting to incite a revolution there, #dies by execution for attempting to incite that revolution. His hands were cut off and sent to the CIA agent in charge of the clandestine operation that tracked down and organized his capture and execution. The Che Guevara Mausoleum (Spanish: Mausoleo Del Che Guevara, officially Conjunto Escultorico Memorial Comandante Ernesto Che Guevara), a memorial in Santa Clara, Cuba, located in "Plaza Che Guevara" (Che Guevara Square), houses his remains of the revolutionary Ernesto "Che" Guevara and 29 fellow combatants killed along with him. Che Guevara, nicknamed "Che", Argentine Marxist revolutionary, physician, author, guerrilla leader, diplomat, and military theorist, a major figure of the Cuban Revolution, whose stylized visage has become a ubiquitous countercultural symbol of rebellion and global insignia in popular culture (b. June 14, 1928) was born Ernesto Guevara in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina. He earned his nickname "Che" from his frequent use of the expression - an expression used in Spanish-speaking countries which translates as "hey mate!" or "hey buddy!" in English - which amused his Cuban comrades, rendering his name in English roughly as "Buddy Guevara" or "Hey Buddy Guevara". As a young medical student, Guevara traveled throughout South America and was radicalized by the poverty, hunger and disease he witnessed. His burgeoning desire to help overturn what he saw as the capitalist exploitation of Latin America by the United States prompted his involvement in Guatemala's social reforms under President Jacobo Arbenz, whose eventual CIA-assisted overthrow at the behest of the United Fruit Company solidified Guevara's political ideology. Later in Mexico City, Guevara met Raul and Fidel Castro, joined their 26th of July Movement and sailed to Cuba aboard the yacht Granma with the intention of overthrowing U.S.-backed Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. Guevara soon rose to prominence among the insurgents, was promoted to second in command and played a pivotal role in the victorious two-year guerrilla campaign that deposed the Batista regime. Following the Cuban Revolution, Guevara performed a number of key roles in the new government. These included reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian land reform as minister of industries, helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cuba's armed forces, and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism. Such positions also allowed him to play a central role in training the militia forces who repelled the Bay Of Pigs Invasion, and bringing Soviet nuclear-armed ballistic missiles to Cuba, which precipitated the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. Additionally, Guevara was a prolific writer and diarist, composing a seminal manual on guerrilla warfare, along with a best-selling memoir about his youthful continental motorcycle journey. His experiences and studying of Marxism-Leninism led him to posit that the Third World's underdevelopment and dependence was an intrinsic result of imperialism, neocolonialism and monopoly capitalism, with the only remedy being proletarian internationalism and world revolution. Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo-Kinshasa and later in Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA-assisted Bolivian forces and summarily executed. Guevara remains both a revered and reviled historical figure, polarized in the collective imagination in a multitude of biographies, memoirs, essays, documentaries, songs, and films. As a result of his perceived martyrdom, poetic invocations for class struggle and desire to create the consciousness of a "new man" driven by moral rather than material incentives, Guevara has evolved into a quintessential icon of various leftist movements. Time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, while an Alberto Korda photograph of him, titled Guerrillero Heroico (shown), was cited by the Maryland Institute College of Art as "the most famous photograph in the world". On Sale @ 15% Off Discount Till Midnight PT! https://store.earthstation1.com/cia-the-secret-files-the-central-intelligence-agency-tv-series-mp4-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 4 DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9: International Beer And Pizza Day: -- There's no better day to throw a pizza and beer party! When you think of pizza, you most likely think of Italy, but did you know that the first pizza was made by the Greeks and Egyptians, not the Italians? Pepperoni may be the most popular pizza topping in the world but in ancient times, the Greeks and Egyptians coated their flat-bread pizza in olive oil and spices. If you're familiar with some of the world's best food pairings then, chances are, you've had a glass of beer with a slice of pizza. It's no surprise that one of the world's best combinations originates from the same class of food, cereal grains. Beer is one of the oldest drinks produced by mankind. It's brewed from cereal grains, which contain starch sugars that produce ethanol and carbonation during the fermentation process. Beer consumption dates as far back as 5000 B.C. in Iran and was recorded in history books of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia before spreading around the world. In the Middle Ages, the brewing process of beer was a craft passed down as a family-oriented activity. By the end of this period, the production of beer moved from a small-scale domestic industry to a large-scale export industry. The Industrial Revolution introduced a more controlled and mechanized process for brewing beer as technology developed in countries like Britain and Germany. Pizza dough is derived from cereal grains as well, which are ground up together to make flour. The origin of pizza can be traced to ancient Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. However, the modern birthplace of pizza is a Greek settlement in Italy founded in 600 B.C. Back then, pizza was an inexpensive food that could be consumed quickly; a favorite of the working poor in the ancient city. Pizza was introduced in other parts of the world as immigrants spread to Europe and the United States. Pizza and beer pair so well because they enhance or contrast each other's flavors. This is possibly what inspired Nick Saulino in 2016 when he marked the first celebration of International Pizza and Beer Day. Since then, more people have embraced the idea of pizza and beer as a great food combination. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-4-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: UFOs: What's Going On? 1985 Landmark Documentary DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9: Curious Events Day: -- Today's the day to wonder about everything we've ever wondered about. How do they get those clipper ships inside the bottles? Who figured out how to tie shoelaces? What's the most recent sighting of Bigfoot in North America? Why can't we find out what happened at Roswell? Be inquisitive. Be persistent. And be careful, don't forget that adage - curiosity killed the cat. Curious Events Day is aptly named since it is itself a curiosity. Nobody knows how it originated, or when, and certainly not why. All of which makes it an appropriate subject for curiosity. Or at least reasoned conjecture. Some have theorized that it was intended as a day when we could feel free to not sweat the small stuff. The annoying squeak in the door of the medicine chest. Those hard-to-open blister packs. The speed with which refrigerated strawberries appear to have attracted dryer lint. With all of that off our minds, we could concentrate on things really worthy of our mental ability. Everyone, for example, is curious about the Loch Ness Monster. Somebody saw something. We have photos. We have scientific instruments. All this time and nobody has an answer? And what about those big stone heads on Easter Island? Archaeologists have researched moving them on sledges and walking them side-to-side on ropes. But we're still curious. Don't forget crop circles. What explanation will we accept for that? Aliens who drop in after midnight to prepare a landing field? Artistic cows who need something to do besides chew their cud? A PR stunt for a tractor that can turn on a dime? We can't forget the massive 780-foot crop circle appearing in 2001 at the remote area of Milk Hill in Wiltshire, England. The elaborate design is composed of 409 circles. The mystery has inspired countless books, blogs, fan groups and even Hollywood films. This, and other crop circles, remain a mystery to date. In fact, Curious Events Day may be a PR stunt. Or it may have been born in a late-night session involving too much drinking, with participants waxing silly, wondering if there is a Guinness record for a large number of Sumo wrestlers jumping on bubble wrap, and why some people insist that cilantro tastes like soap. Nevertheless, it's a digital holiday now, and it's the perfect day to be curiously baffled about ancient mysteries, modern conspiracy theories, and the disappearance of Amelia Earhart. https://store.earthstation1.com/ufos-what39s-going-on-dvd-1985-tv-docum391985.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Commercials: The Classics Vol. 8 DVD, MP4 Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9: World Post Day: -- Did you know that historians mark the official beginning of a nation state, from ancient times until the present, as the date when they created a regular system of postal delivery? It's true, and today we're pumped up to celebrate the most time-honored communication method the world has! Even though today we can communicate most anything at the touch of a button, there's no denying the importance of our local postal services, or the excitement of receiving a package in the mail - and you can't deliver a physical package without a physical delivery! World Post Day marks the anniversary of the establishment of the Universal Postal Union, and it's from this humble wellspring that the global communications revolution started and continues to this day. Sending a letter is one of the most iconic acts of showing someone you care. While we may not pay much attention to the processes or regulations that go into zipping our mail around the globe after we lick the stamp, it takes an international team to get birthday cards and online shopping from point A to B. Origins of what we now know as the postal service date to Ancient Egypt circa 2500 BC, while the oldest official postal service is found in 550 BC Iran. Various civilizations utilized a courier service to pass letters, messages, news, and parcels across empires spanning thousands of miles, inspiring the modern idea of the mailman. The US's own postal service dates back to Benjamin Franklin as the first postmaster general in 1775. On October 9, 1874, the Universal Postal Union was established as a means of cooperation and regulation amongst its member states' mail services - today it allows mail to flow freely from your mailbox to Timbuktu, and everywhere in between! In 1969, World Post Day was inaugurated at the Tokyo Universal Postal Congress. Each year, the UPU's 192 member countries celebrate World Post Day on October 9 to mark the importance of universal mail and the UPU's contributions to society and the global economy. Countries hold special stamp exhibitions and launch new postal initiatives; India hosts a week-long celebration each year over the week of October 9. As a testament to bringing people together, the UPU hosts an International Letter Writing competition for children up to age 15. Winners are selected from each country and the world champion is selected by a UPU panel. Not only does the program promote literacy, but it keeps the excitement of waiting for the mail alive and well. https://store.earthstation1.com/tv-commercials-the-classics-vol-8-dv8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Old Time Crime & Fire Prevention Films DVD, Video Download, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9: Fire Prevention Day: -- A day to develop a fire escape plan for your home, and practice it with your family or roommates to make sure everyone knows what to do in an emergency. It exists to raise awareness of practices that can help prevent these disasters and to recognize the work of the firefighters who relieve them. The United States has one of the highest fire death rates in the world, resulting in approximately 5000 deaths every year, and a further 25,000 injuries, highlighting just how important fire safety and education still really is. Fire Prevention Day is an excellent opportunity to discuss fire safety with your kids, friends, and family, in a fun but educational way, with lots of activities and shared resources. In May 1919, a resolution was passed, which urged the government within the United States and Canada to support the campaign for an annual Fire Prevention Day. The first Fire Prevention day was announced in 1920 by President Woodrow Wilson, which was later expanded into an entire National Fire Prevention Week, and proclaimed a national observance by President Calvin Coolidge in 1925. Coolidge deemed the day as very important, noting that an estimated 15,000 lives in the United States were lost in the previous year due to fires. Fire prevention day is often used to commemorate particularly famous and devastating fires in individual communities, such as the notable Great Chicago Fire in North America in 1871. According to the legend, this fire was started by a cow who kicked over a lantern in a shed. The fire aggressively burned for more than 27 hours and resulted in the loss of over 300 lives and destroyed 17,000 buildings, leaving more than 100,000 people homeless as a result. The non-profit National Fire Protection Association, or NFPA, has traditionally been and continues to be the international sponsor of the day. They observe the anniversary of the Great Chicago Fire as a way to keep the public informed about the importance of fire safety and prevention. The NFPA selects a theme for Fire Prevention Week each year, with the theme for 2019 being 'Plan and Practice Your Escape.' For 2020, the theme will be 'Serve Up Fire Safety In the Kitchen, ' which focuses on safety within the kitchen. It aims to educate families and individuals on simple actions that they can take on themselves to keep them and others safe while cooking and preparing meals, using the oven, cooker, etc. Considered not only important in the United States, other countries also celebrate Fire Prevention Week annually. In Canada, the last Saturday of the week is proclaimed as Fire Service Recognition Day to express gratitude and thanks to the Canadian fire service and their many public services. In Australia, Fire Prevention Week is also held annually, but at the end of April instead. https://store.earthstation1.com/crime-and-fire-prevention-films-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Nuremberg Trials: Prosecution Of Nazi War Crimes MP4 Download DVD
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1954: #DOTD: #RIP: Robert H. Jackson, American lawyer, jurist, and politician, United States Solicitor General and United States Attorney General, and associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1941 until his death in 1954, the only person to have held all three of those offices, most notable for his work as Chief United States Prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials of Nazi war criminals following World War II (b. February 13, 1892) #dies on a Saturday at 11:45 a.m. at age 62 after making his final purchase in a Washington department store; he got into his car and headed for the Supreme Court Building, and on the way he suffered a heart attack. He drove to the nearby home of his secretary and, within minutes, Robert Houghwout Jackson was dead. He had suffered a massive heart attack on March 30, 1954, and was confined to Walter Reed Hospital until May 17 when he returned to the Court. He remained functioning in his position as Justice until his death. Funeral services were held in Washington's National Cathedral and later in Jamestown's St. Luke's Church. All eight of the other Supreme Court Justices traveled together to Jamestown, New York, to attend his funeral service; the last time, for security purposes, that the Supreme Court all traveled together. Other prominent guests included Thomas E. Dewey. He was interred near his boyhood home in Frewsburg, New York. His headstone reads "He kept the ancient landmarks and built the new." Robert H. Jackson was born Robert Houghwout Jackson on his family's farm in Spring Creek Township, Warren County, Pennsylvania. Jackson was the last U.S. Supreme Court justice who did not have a law degree. He was admitted to the bar via the older tradition of an internship under an established lawyer ("reading law") after studying at Albany Law School for just a year. Jackson is well known for his advice that, "Any lawyer worth his salt will tell the suspect, in no uncertain terms, to make no statement to the police under any circumstances", and for his aphorism describing the Supreme Court, "We are not final because we are infallible, but we are infallible only because we are final." Jackson developed a reputation as one of the best writers on the Supreme Court and one of the most committed to enforcing due process as protection from overreaching federal agencies. He was viewed as a moderate liberal and is known for his dissents in Terminiello v. City of Chicago, Zorach v. Clauson, Everson v. Board of Education, and Korematsu v. United States, as well as his majority opinion in West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette. Justice Antonin Scalia, who occupied the seat once held by Jackson, considered Jackson to be "the best legal stylist of the 20th century." https://store.earthstation1.com/the-nuremberg-trials-prosecution-of-nazi-war-crimes-mp4-download-dv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Pope Pius XII Documentary Eugenio Pacelli Biography DVD, Download, USB
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1958: #DOTD: #RIP: Pope Pius XII, Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from March 2, 1939 until his death in 1958 (b. March 2, 1876) #dies at 3:52 AM (02:52 GMT) on a Thursday, a Feast of Saint Denis of Paris; he gave a smile, lowered his head and died. The cause of death was recorded as acute heart failure. His last words were reportedly, "Pray. Pray that this regrettable situation for the church may end". The embalming of his body was mishandled, with effects that were evident during the funeral. He was buried in the Vatican grottos and was succeeded by Pope John XXIII. In 1954, Pius XII began to suffer from ill health, which would continue until his death in 1958. Pope Pius XII was born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli in Rome, Kingdom of Italy, into a family of intense Catholic piety with a history of ties to the papacy (the "Black Nobility"). Before his election to the papacy, Pacelli served as secretary of the Department of Extraordinary Ecclesiastical Affairs, papal nuncio to Germany (1917-1929), and Cardinal Secretary Of State, in which capacity he worked to conclude treaties with European and Latin American nations, most notably the Reichskonkordat with Nazi Germany, a treaty negotiated between the Vatican and the emergent Nazi Germany that guarantees the rights of the Roman Catholic Church in Germany. Expressing dismay at the Invasion Of Poland, he as Pope reiterated Church teaching against racial persecution and calling for love, compassion and charity to prevail over war. While the Vatican was officially neutral during the war, Pius XII maintained links to the German Resistance, used diplomacy to aid the victims of the war and lobby for peace, and spoke out during Pope Pius XII's 1942 Christmas address against race-based murders and other atrocities. The Reichskonkordat of 1933 and Pius's leadership of the Catholic Church during World War II remain the subject of controversy - including allegations of public silence and inaction about the fate of the Jews. After the war, Pius XII advocated peace and reconciliation, including lenient policies towards Axis and Axis-satellite nations. Pius XII was also a staunch opponent of Communism and of the Italian Communist Party. During his papacy, the Decree against Communism was issued by the church; the decree declared that Catholics who profess Communist doctrine are to be excommunicated as apostates from the Christian faith. In turn, the Church experienced severe persecution and mass deportations of Catholic clergy in the Eastern Bloc. He explicitly invoked ex cathedra papal infallibility with the dogma of the Assumption of Mary in his 1950 Apostolic constitution Munificentissimus Deus. His magisterium includes almost 1,000 addresses and radio broadcasts. His forty-one encyclicals include Mystici corporis, the Church as the Body of Christ; Mediator Dei on liturgy reform; and Humani generis on the Church's positions on theology and evolution. He eliminated the Italian majority in the College of Cardinals in 1946. In the process toward sainthood, his cause for canonization was opened on November 18, 1965 by Pope Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council. He was made a Servant of God by Pope John Paul II in 1990 and Pope Benedict XVI declared Pius XII Venerable on December 19, 2009. https://store.earthstation1.com/pope-pius-xii-dvd-cardinal-secretary-of-state-eugenio-pacelli1.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Tibet History & The Dalai Lama Documentaries DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1980: Interfaith Dialogue (Interreligious Dialogue): -- Pope John Paul II shakes hands with the current Dalai Lama (The 14th Dalai Lama b. 1935) during a private audience in Vatican City. The Dalai Lama had met Pope Paul VI at the Vatican back in 1973. He again met Pope John Paul II in 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, and 2003. The 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso has persued interfaith dialogue throughout his life. In 1990, he met a delegation of Jewish teachers in Dharamshala for an extensive interfaith dialogue. He has since visited Israel three times, and in 2006 met the Chief Rabbi of Israel. In 2006, he met Pope Benedict XVI privately. He has met the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr. Robert Runcie, and other leaders of the Anglican Church in London, Gordon B. Hinckley, who at the time was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), as well as senior Eastern Orthodox Church, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, and Sikh officials. The Dalai Lama is also currently a member of the Board of World Religious Leaders as part of The Elijah Interfaith Institute, and participated in the Third Meeting of the Board of World Religious Leaders in Amritsar, India, on 26 November 2007 to discuss the topic of Love and Forgiveness. On 6 January 2009, the Dalai Lama inaugurated an interfaith "World Religions-Dialogue and Symphony" conference at Gujarat's Mahuva religions", according to Morari Bapu. On 12 May 2010 the Dalai Lama, joined by a panel of select scholars, officially launched the Common Ground Project, in Bloomington, Indiana (USA), which was planned by himself and Prince Ghazi bin Muhammad of Jordan during several years of personal conversations. The project is based on the book Common Ground between Islam and Buddhism. https://store.earthstation1.com/tibet-documentaries-2-dvd-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: UFOs: The First Encounters Ancient Aliens MP4 Video Download DVD
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1874: #BOTD: #HBD! Nicholas Roerich, Russian archaeologist, painter, stage designer, philosopher, writer, occultist, Theosophist, Vedantist, Buddhist and public figure who in his youth was influenced by a movement in Russian society around the spiritual (d. December 13, 1947) is #born Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich in Saint Petersburg, to a well-to-do notary public Baltic German father and a Russian mother. Also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh, he was interested in hypnosis and his paintings are said to have hypnotic expression. Roerich lived in various places around the world. Trained as an artist and a lawyer, his main interests were literature, philosophy, archaeology, and especially art. Roerich was a dedicated activist for the cause of preserving art and architecture during times of war. He was nominated several times to the longlist for the Nobel Peace Prize. The so-called Roerich Pact was signed into law by the United States and most nations of the Pan-American Union (now known as The Organization of American States (OAS or OEA)) in April 1935. An inter-American treaty, the most important idea of The Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments or Roerich Pact is the legal recognition that the defense of cultural objects is more important than the use or destruction of that culture for military purposes, and the protection of culture always has precedence over any military necessity. Raised in late-19th-century St. Petersburg, Roerich enrolled simultaneously at St. Petersburg University and the Imperial Academy of Arts during 1893. He received the title of "artist" in 1897 and a degree in law the next year. He found early employment with the Imperial Society for the Encouragement of the Arts, whose school he directed from 1906 to 1917. Despite early tensions with the group, he became a member of Sergei Diaghilev's "World of Art" society; he was president of the society from 1910 to 1916. Artistically, Roerich became known as his generation's most talented painter of Russia's ancient past, a topic that was compatible with his lifelong interest in archaeology. He also succeeded as a stage designer, achieving his greatest fame as one of the designers for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. His best-known designs were for Borodin's Prince Igor (1909 and later productions), and costumes and set for The Rite of Spring (1913), composed by Igor Stravinsky. Along with Mikhail Vrubel and Mikhail Nesterov, Roerich is considered a major representative of Russian Symbolism in art. From an early period of his life, he was influenced by apocrypha and medieval sectarian writings such as the mysterious Dove Book. Another of Roerich's artistic subjects was architecture. His acclaimed publication "Architectural Studies" (1904-1905), consisting of dozens of paintings he made of fortresses, monasteries, churches, and other monuments during two long trips through Russia, inspired his decades-long career as an activist on behalf of artistic and architectural preservation. He also designed religious art for places of worship throughout Russia and Ukraine, most notably the Queen of Heaven fresco for the Church of the Holy Spirit which the patroness Maria Tenisheva built near her Talashkino estate; and the stained glass windows for the Datsan Gunzechoinei during 1913-1915. His designs for the Talashkino church were so radical that the Orthodox church refused to consecrate the building. During the first decade of the 1900s and in the early 1910s, Roerich, largely due to the influence of his wife Helena, developed an interest in eastern religions, as well as alternative (to Christianity) belief systems such as Theosophy. Both Roerichs became avid readers of the Vedantist essays of Ramakrishna and Vivekananda, the poetry of Rabindranath Tagore, and the Bhagavad Gita. The Roerichs' commitment to occult mysticism increased steadily. It was especially intense during World War I and the Russian revolutions of 1917, to which the couple, like many Russian intellectuals, accorded apocalyptic significance. The influence of Theosophy, Vedanta, Buddhism, and other mystical topics can be detected not only in many of Roerich's paintings, but in the many short stories and poems Roerich wrote before and after the 1917 revolutions, including the Flowers of Morya cycle, begun in 1907 and completed in 1921. In 1934-1935, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, then headed by Roerich admirer Henry A. Wallace, sponsored an expedition by Roerich and USDA scientists H. G. MacMillan and James F. Stephens to Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, and China. The expedition's exoteric purpose was to collect seeds of plants which prevented soil erosion, which it succeeded in doing; its esoteric purpose was to seek out the mythical Shambhala (Shamballah, Shambala, Shangri-La, (also known as 'The City Of Enoch'). The expedition consisted of two parts. In 1934, they explored the Greater Khingan mountains and Bargan plateau in western Manchuria. In 1935, they explored parts of Inner Mongolia: the Gobi Desert, Ordos Desert, and Helan Mountains. The expedition found almost 300 species of xerophytes, collected herbs, conducted archeological studies, and found antique manuscripts of great scientific importance. Nicholas Roerich died in Kullu, Naggar, Dominion of India (present-day Himachal Pradesh, India) at the age of 73. He is buried at the Roerich Memorial Cemetery in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India. https://store.earthstation1.com/ufo39s-the-first-encounters-ancient-aliens-mp4-video-download-394.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Bukharin And The Terror DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1888: #BOTD: Nikolai Bukharin, Russian journalist, Bolshevik revolutionary, Soviet politician and prolific author on revolutionary theory (d. March 15, 1938) is #born Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin in Moscow, Russian Empire. As a young man, Bukharin spent six years in exile, working closely with fellow exiles Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. After the revolution of February 1917, he returned to Moscow, where his Bolshevik credentials earned him a high rank in the party, and after the October Revolution, he became editor of the party newspaper Pravda. Within the Bolshevik Party, Bukharin was initially a Left Communist, but his gradual move from the left to the right from 1921, as a strong supporter and defender of the New Economic Policy (NEP), eventually saw him lead the Right Opposition. By late 1924, this had positioned Bukharin favourably as Joseph Stalin's chief ally, with Bukharin soon elaborating Stalin's new theory and policy of Socialism in One Country. Together, Bukharin and Stalin ousted Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev from the party at the XVth Communist Party Congress in December 1927. From 1926 to 1929, Bukharin enjoyed great power as General Secretary of Comintern's executive committee. But Stalin's decision to proceed with collectivisation drove the two men apart, and Bukharin was expelled from the Politburo in 1929. When the Great Purge began in 1936, Stalin looked for any pretext to liquidate his former allies and rivals for power, and some of Bukharin's letters, conversations and tapped phone calls indicated disloyalty. Arrested in February 1937, he was charged with conspiring to overthrow the Soviet state and subjected to a show trial that alienated many Western communist sympathisers. Nikolai Bukharin died aged 49 when he is executed on the Ides Of March by gunshot at the Kommunarka Shooting Ground, the name given to the former dacha of NKVD chief Genrikh Yagoda as a euphemism for the mysterious. closely-guarded plots of land there that the NKVD used for mass burials during the Great Terror. He is buried at the Kommunarka Mass Execution Site in Kommunarka, Moscow Oblast, Russia. The announcement of Bukharin's death was overshadowed by the Nazi Anschluss of Austria. When Stalin died, Bukharin's last message to Staling was found in in Stalin's desk: "Koba, why do you need me to die?", written just before Bukharin's execution. "Koba" was Stalin's nom de guerre, and Bukharin's use of it was a sign of how close the two had once been. https://store.earthstation1.com/bukharin-and-the-terror-dvd-nikolai-ivanovich-bukharin.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge And The Cambodian Genocide DVD MP4 USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1970: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Cold War (1962-1979): The Cold War Era Of Stagnation (1964-1982): The Cold War In Asia: Cambodia: The History Of Cambodia: The Khmer Rouge (The Khmer Rouge Party, The Communist Party Of Kampuchea): Democratic Kampuchea (Kampuchea, DK, The Khmer Republic): The Declaration Of The Khmer Republic And The Formation Of FANK: -- The Khmer Republic is proclaimed in Cambodia, and at the same time The Khmer National Armed Forces (FARK) is founded The Khmer Republic was a right-wing pro-United States military-led republican government of Cambodia headed by General Lon Nol and Prince Sisowath Sirik Matak, who had taken defacto power over Cambodia in the March 18, 1970 coup against Prince Norodom Sihanouk, then the country's head of state. According to Frank Snepp, interrogator, agent debriefer, journalist and former chief analyst of North Vietnamese strategy for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in Saigon during the Vietnam War, the only thing American intelligence knew about Lon Nol was that "Lon Nol spelled backwards is Lon Nol". The Republic eventually fell six months later on April 17, 1975, when the Khmer Rouge took Phnom Penh, briefly restored the Kingdom of Cambodia and began the Cambodian Genocide, killing approximately 1.5 to 3 million Cambodian people from 1975 to 1979. They renamed the government Democratic Kampuchea in January 1976. https://store.earthstation1.com/cambodia-the-khmer-rouge-and-the-cambodian-genocide-dvd-mp4-usb-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Twisted Cross: Hitler & Nazism's Rise & Fall DVD, MP4, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1907: #BOTD: Horst Wessel, Berlin Sturmfuehrer ("Assault Leader", the lowest commissioned officer rank) of the Sturmabteilung (SA), the Nazi Party's Stormtroopers, Street Cell Leader of the Alexanderplatz Storm Section of the SA, best known for the Horst-Wessel-Lied (Horst Wessel Song) he had written the lyrics to which was popularized after being made into a Nazi martyr by Joseph Goebbels following Wessel's murder (d. February 23, 1930) is #born Horst Ludwig Georg Erich Wessel Bielefeld, in German Empire. The march he had written the lyrics to was renamed the Horst-Wessel-Lied (Horst Wessel Song), and became the official anthem of the Nazi Party. After Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933, the song became the co-national anthem of Germany, along with the first verse of the Deutschlandlied (also known as Deutschland Uber Alles). Horst Wessel died by a gunshot fired by Communist and Red Front Fighters' League (KPD) goon Albrecht "Ali" Hohler, a heavily tattooed cabinetmaker, armed pimp, perjurer and petty criminal who had just recently been released from prison. Wessel was living with Erna Janicke, a 23-year-old ex-prostitute on the third floor of 62 Grosse Frankfurter Strasse (today Karl-Marx-Allee), whom he had met in a tavern not far from Alexanderplatz, a large public square and transport hub in the central Mitte district of Berlin. The consensus of opinion obviates that it is most likely Wessel earned money as Janicke's pimp. Wessel sublet the room from 29-year-old Elisabeth Salm, whose late husband had been an active Communist Red Front Fighter, although she described herself as apolitical. After a few months, there was a dispute between landlady Salm and Wessel over unpaid rent in which Salm claimed that Wessel threatened her. Salm - who may have feared that she could lose them if Janicke, who she assumed was a working prostitute, was found to be living there - wanted Janicke to leave, but she refused to, so on the evening of January 14, 1930, Salm appealed to Communist friends of her late husband for help. At first the Communists were not interested in helping Salm, as she was not well-liked by them because she had given her husband a church funeral instead of allowing the KPD to give him the standard burial rite used for members of the Red Front Fighters' League, but when they realized that Horst Wessel was involved in the dispute they agreed to beat him up and get him out of Salm's flat by force. Knowing they needed a tough guy, they sent word to a nearby tavern that they needed Ali Hohler. At around 10 p.m. that evening, Hohler and his accomplice Erwin Ruckert, another member of the KPD, knocked at the front door of Wessel and Janicke's room, while the remainder of the gang of at least a dozen men waited on the street outside. When Wessel, who was expecting a visit from the leader of another SA Sturm group, opened the door, he was almost immediately shot at point-blank range. Although it was later claimed that Wessel had attempted to draw a gun and so had been shot in self-defense, this was denied by eyewitnesses, who said that Wessel had no time to react. The attackers searched the room, removed a pistol from the wardrobe and a rubber truncheon, and then fled the scene, meeting up with the rest of the men in the street. The entire group then returned to their usual nighttime activities. Even as Wessel was lying seriously wounded in hospital, Goebbels was already releasing reports asserting that those who had carried out the attack were "degenerate communist subhumans". Wessel received medical attention and recovered somewhat, but eventually died in hospital on February 23 from blood poisoning he contracted in hospital. He is buried at Sankt Marien- Und Sankt Nikolai Friedhof I in Prenzlauer Berg, Berlin, Germany. Following his death, the National Socialists and Communists offered different accounts of the events. The police, led by Chief Inspector Teichmann, and several courts determined that both political and private reasons had led to Wessel's assassination, and the police had announced that Hohler, whom Janicke had identified as the gunman, was their prime suspect. It was then reported by a non-Nazi and non-Communist newspaper that Janicke knew Hohler prior to the murder because Wessel had used her to spy on her former clients who were Communists. The Communists, in turn, claimed that Hohler had been Janicke's pimp until Wessel stole her from him, and that this was the motive behind the shooting. Janicke denied these stories, saying that she had never been a spy for Wessel, and that she knew Hohler only as an "acquaintance from the streets". The police and courts believed her, and Hohler was quickly arrested. After a trial, he was sentenced to six years imprisonment for the shooting; the light sentence was the result of the court's finding of extenuating circumstances. Seven accomplices were also found guilty and sentenced to jail. Three years later, after the Nazi ascension to national power in 1933, Hohler was taken out of prison under false pretenses by then Gestapo chief Rudolf Diels and members of the SA, and illegally executed. On April 10 1935, five years after Wessel's assassination, and two years after the SA murder of Hohler, two persons accused of being involved in Wessel's killing were put on trial and subsequently beheaded in Berlin's Plotzensee Prison: Sally Epstein, a Jewish painter, and Hans Ziegler, a barber. The two had been arrested in August 1933, and were put on trial in May 1934 with a third defendant, Peter Stoll, a tailor. In 2009, the sentences against all three of them were rescinded by the Berlin public prosecutor's office. Goebbels had been looking for someone to turn into a martyr for the Nazi cause. His first attempt was with Albert Leo Schlageter, a member of the Freikorps and a saboteur who was caught attempting to blow up a train in the Ruhr region while it was under occupation by French troops in retaliation for Germany's not making its schedule of reparation payments. Schlageter was executed by the French, and his gravesite later became a Nazi shrine. There were also the 16 Nazis who had died during the Beer Hall Putsch, and would have a memorial built for them in Munich which was required to be saluted when passing by, and who were honored with a public ceremony every year when the Putsch was remembered. With two other party members who headed the list that the party later made of "Those Members of the Movement Who Have Been Murdered", Goebbels did not even make an effort to martyr them. Goebbels saw in Wessel's shooting the possibility of a propaganda bonanza. He eulogized Wessel in his newspaper, Der Angriff, in overtly Christian tones: "A Christian Socialist! A man who calls out through his deeds: 'Come to me, I shall redeem you!' ... A divine element works in him. making him the man he is and causing him to act in this way and no other. One man must set an example and offer himself up as a sacrifice! Well, then, I am ready!" Goebbel's plan was to turn Wessel's funeral into a mass demonstration full of speeches and processions of SA men in uniform, but he could not get the necessary police permits to do so, even after Wessel's sister requested President Paul Von Hindenburg to relent. Wessel was buried in Berlin on March 1, 1930. Contrary to Nazi claims, there were no attacks on the funeral procession, which Goebbels claimed was watched by 30,000 people. The funeral was filmed and turned into a major propaganda event by the Nazi Party. Wessel was elevated by Goebbels' propaganda apparatus to the status of leading martyr of the Nazi movement. Many of Goebbels's most effective propaganda speeches were made at gravesides, but Wessel received unusual attention among the many unremembered storm troopers. In an editorial in the Volkischer Beobachter ("People's Observer"), Alfred Rosenberg wrote of how Wessel was not dead, but had joined a combat group that still struggled with them; afterwards, Nazis spoke of how a man who died in conflict had joined "Horst Wessel's combat group" or were "summoned to Horst Wessel's standard". The Prussian police had outlawed public gatherings and the display of swastikas at the funeral procession, with the exception of a few Nazi Party vehicles. Wessel's coffin was paraded through large parts of the center of Berlin in a procession that took many hours. As the coffin reached Bulowplatz (now Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz), Communist hecklers began singing "The Internationale" in an attempt to disrupt the event. The police were unable to prevent abusive shouts and, at some points, flying rocks. No major clashes occurred, although someone had written "To Wessel the pimp, a last Heil Hitler" in white paint on the cemetery wall. In attendance of Wessel's funeral was Goebbels, who delivered the eulogy, Franz Pfeffer Von Salomon, Hermann Goring, and Prince August Wilhelm of Prussia. Prior to the event, Goebbels and Goring had discussed the possibility of Hitler attending. In his diary entry on the day of the funeral, Goebbels recalled: "Hitler isn't coming. Had the situation explained to him over the telephone and he actually declined. Oh well". Goebbels blamed Rudolf Hess for preventing Hitler from coming, but, in reality, Hitler's decision not to come was based on the advice he received from Goring that the danger of an attack on Hitler in the heart of "Red Berlin" was too great. Although Goebbels could not get Hitler to attend Wessel's funeral, Hitler did speak at Wessel's grave three years after his death, on January 22, 1933, for the dedication of a memorial. Hitler called Wessel a "blood witness" whose song had become "a battle hymn for millions". He said that Wessel's sacrifice of his life was "a monument more lasting than stone and bronze". Sixteen thousand members of the Berlin and Brandenburg SA and SS marched past the Communist Party headquarters on Bulowplatz (now the Rosa-Luxemburg-Platz) - the Karl Liebknecht House - in a deliberately provocative act that Goebbels was very proud of having staged, calling it a "terrible defeat" for the Communists and "a proud and heroic victory of the SA on behalf of the party". He felt that the Communists had "a loss of prestige that could never again be made good", as they were relegated to fuming on the side streets. Once the "enormous procession ... led by Hitler, Goebbels, Ernst Rohm, and other top officials of the [party], ... marched to the St. Nicholas Cemetery ... Hitler spoke of Wessel's death as a symbolic sacrifice." That night, Hitler addressed a memorial service at the Berlin Sportpalast, at which the "Funeral March" from Richard Wagner's Gotterdammerung was played, and the stage was set as an altar made from "laurel trees, branches, candelabra and a larger-than-lifesize portrait of Wessel". Hitler lavished praise on "those fanatics who are consumed by the great task of their age" - "fanaticism" being a positive virtue among the Nazis - "who live for that task and who die for it ... [they would] later be not only the martyrs of their struggle but also the seed from which the subsequent harvest [would come]". Three months later, on March 21, 1933, elaborate celebrations organized by Goebbels were held on Potsdam Day for the inauguration of a new Reichstag. The day began with services at both the Catholic and Lutheran churches there, but Hitler and Goebbels did not attend. Instead, they laid wreaths at the graves of various Nazi "martyrs of the revolution", including Wessel's. The death of Wessel and the proliferation of the "Horst Wessel Song" was an extension of the Nazi cult of martyrs, which included Freikorps member Leo Schlageter and the 19 Nazis killed in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, who were reburied in Munich with great fanfare on November 8, 1935. Goebbels continued to use Wessel's martyrdom as a propaganda device for years. At the 1934 Nuremberg Party Rally, a group of Hitler Youth sang an anti-Christian song which included the lines "We don't need any Christian truth ... We follow not Christ but Horst Wessel". Wessel's name was frequently invoked by the Nazis to bolster core tenets of National Socialist ideology during the remaining existence of Nazi Germany. For example, a wartime article from the Nazi-owned Volkischer Beobachter newspaper called Wessel "the hero of the Brown Revolution" and referred to his "sacrificial death" that "passionately inflamed millions who followed". The paper further referred to Wessel as "the driving force behind the struggle for freedom of the armed services and the homeland of the Greater German Reich". Wessel played the schalmei (Martinstrompete), a single-reed brass instrument which was played in groups called Schalmeienkapellen ("Schalmeien orchestras or bands"), and which is still used in folk celebrations. Wessel founded an "SA Schalmeienkapelle" band, which provided music during SA events. In early 1929, Wessel wrote the lyrics for a new Nazi fight song Kampflied ("fight song"), which was first published in Goebbels's newspaper Der Angriff in September, under the title Der Unbekannte SA-Mann ("The Unknown SA-Man"). The song later became known as Die Fahne Hoch ("Raise the Flag") and finally the "Horst-Wessel-Lied" ("Horst Wessel Song"). The Nazis made it their official anthem, and, after they came to power, the co-national anthem of Nazi Germany, along with the first stanza of the Deutschlandlied (also known as Deutschland Uber Alles). The song was also played in some Protestant places of worship, as some elements of the Protestant Church in Germany had accepted and promulgated the Horst Wessel cult, built as it was by Goebbels on the model of Christian martyrs of the past. It was later claimed by the Nazis that Wessel also wrote the music to the song, but it was considered more likely that the tune was in reality adapted from a World War I German Imperial Navy song, and was probably originally a folk song. The authorship of the melody was finally determined by a German court in 1937 as not by Wessel. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-twisted-cross-dvd-hitler39s-nazi-germany-rise-and-fa39.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The King Family TV Show & Christmas Special DVD MP4 Video Download
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 2005: #DOTD: #RIP: Louis Nye, American comedic actor, noted as an entertainer to the troops during World War II, and best known for his work on countless television, film and radio programs (b. May 1, 1913) #dies of lung cancer at the age of 92 in Los Angeles, California. He was cremated and his ashes are interred at Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. Louis Nye was born Louis Neistat in Hartford, Connecticut; although Nye later claimed he was born in 1922, he is listed as age six in the 1920 Hartford County, Connecticut, Federal Census. Louis, who pronounced his given name as Louie, was the son of Joseph Neistat and Jennie Sherman, both Yiddish speaking Jewish immigrants from the Russian Empire who emigrated to the United States in 1906 and became naturalized citizens in 1911. His father owned a small grocery store, which his wife helped him run. His sister Rose Neistat was born in 1917. Louis Nye attended Weaver High School, but he was not a good student. "My marks were so low," he explained, "that they wouldn't let me in the drama club. So I went down to WTIC Radio, auditioned, and got on a show." Nye decided to go to New York City, where he worked in radio, playing various roles on soap operas. He recalled "I still think of myself as an actor. In the radio days, I was busy playing rotten Nazis, rich uncles and emotional juveniles -- the whole span -- and the only time I tried to be funny was at parties." Nye served in the United States Army during World War II, and because he earned laughs by mimicking other soldiers, he was assigned to Special Services where he met Carl Reiner. Following his discharge, he returned to New York and began working in live television. He also appeared in several plays on Broadway, and made many appearances on television variety shows such as The Jack Benny Program (including one memorable turn as a crying cab driver), The Jimmy Durante Show, The Pat Boone Chevy Showroom and The Victor Borge Show. He earned his greatest fame as a regular on The Steve Allen Show, performing with Allen, Don Knotts, Tom Poston, Pat Harrington Jr., Dayton Allen, Gabriel Dell and Bill Dana. He primarily played urbane, wealthy, and often fey bon vivants; as part of the weekly "Man on the Street" sketches, his characterization of the pretentious country-club braggart Gordon Hathaway, with his catchphrase, "Hi-ho, Steverino," plus Allen's inability to resist bursting into hysterical laughter at his ad-libs, made Nye one of the favorites on Allen's show. When production moved to Los Angeles, Nye went too and became a character actor in Hollywood. Nye was cast as a guest star on many television series, including Make Room for Daddy; Guestward, Ho!; Burke's Law; The Munsters; Love, American Style; Laverne & Shirley; Starsky and Hutch; Police Woman; Fantasy Island; St. Elsewhere; and The Cosby Show. Nye played dentist Delbert Gray on several episodes of The Ann Sothern Show from 1960 to 1961, the romantic interest of Olive Smith, played by Ann Tyrrell (1909-1983). Nye also played Sonny Drysdale, the spoiled rich stepson of Milburn Drysdale on The Beverly Hillbillies during the 1962 season. He did six episodes, and received more mail than from anything else he had ever done on television, but the character was dropped. It was rumored that someone in the CBS network, or a sponsor, thought Sonny was too "sissified". However, Nye revived the character briefly during the 1966 season. During this period, Nye appeared in several television commercials for various products, including Rath brand lunch meats and the Better Business Bureau. Nye was a member of the cast of the Needles and Pins, playing Harry Karp. The sitcom, which starred Norman Fell, ran for 14 episodes in the autumn of 1973. Nye appeared as a celebrity judge on The Gong Show during the late 1970s. He also recorded a few comedy LPs, doing a variety of characterizations. Unfortunately, he never had the opportunity to reach his potential in movies. Many of his character roles were little more than cameos. Nevertheless, he performed with Lucille Ball, Bob Hope, Jack Lemmon, Dean Martin, Walter Matthau, Robert Mitchum, Jack Webb and Joanne Woodward, and others. Nye also appeared on the lecture circuit, in concerts and in nightclubs, and did voice work in animation, such as Inspector Gadget with Don Adams. Nye never retired. He completed a 24-city tour of the country for Columbia Artists, ending the tour with a two-week stint at the Sahara in Las Vegas. At age 92, he continued to work, appearing in his recurring role of Jeff Greene's father on HBO's Curb Your Enthusiasm from 2000 to 2005. Nye lived in Pacific Palisades, California with his wife, pianist-songwriter Anita Leonard, who wrote the standard, "A Sunday Kind of Love." Married since the late 1940s, they had a son, artist Peter Nye. Nye was also the great uncle of filmmakers Casey Neistat, Van Neistat and stuntman Dean Neistat. https://store.earthstation1.com/a-king-family-christmas-old-time-yuletide-television-special-dvd.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Peter Ustinov's Russia TV Documentary Series DVD, Video Download, USB
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1708: The Northern Wars (1554-1721): The Great Northern War (1700-1721) (The Third Northern War, The Second Northern War): The Swedish Invasion Of Russia (1708-1709): The Battle Of Lesnaya (1708): -- Tsar Of All Russia Peter The Great defeats the Swedes at the village of Lesnaya, located close to the border between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia (now the village of Lyasnaya, south-east of Mogilev in Belarus), one of the major battles of The Great Northern War, a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom Of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Central, Northern, and Eastern Europe. The Battle Of Lesnaya took place between a Russian army of between 26,500 and 29,000 men commanded by Peter I of Russia, Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn, Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, Christian Felix Bauer and Nikolai Grigorovitj Von Werden and a Swedish army of about 12,500 men commanded by Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and Berndt Otto Stackelberg, at the village of Lesnaya, located close to the border between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia (now the village of Lyasnaya, south-east of Mogilev in Belarus). The Swedes were escorting a supply column of more than 4,500 wagons for their main army in Ukraine. Peter I intercepted Lewenhaupt's column before it reached the safety of Charles XII, the Swedish king, with the intention of destroying it. After eight hours of fighting, with heavy casualties, neither side stood as winner. As the night approached the Russians decided to withdraw to the nearest forest where they would stay until next morning to continue the fight. The Swedes however stayed in their battle formations for hours during the night, in case of a renewed attack. With no sign of further combat and intelligence saying further Russian reinforcements had arrived, the Swedes in turn withdrew from the place of battle, in order to continue the march towards the main army. Fearing a full-scale Russian pursuit, Lewenhaupt decided to burn or abandon most of the wagons and cannons in order to increase speed. While doing this many of the Swedish soldiers decided to loot the abandoned wagons and get drunk, thousands got lost in the woods, many of whom fell victim to Russian irregular cavalry. Lewenhaupt soon crossed the river of Sozh with the rest of his army, to find himself relatively safe. After some days he met up with Charles XII at Rukova with very few wagons left and only half of his initial army. The two soon continued their march towards Ukraine, eventually finding themselves at the battle of Poltava and the surrender at Perevolochna which severely crippled the Swedish army and is known for being the turning point of the war. https://store.earthstation1.com/peter-ustinov39s-russia-dvds-complete-6-part-tv-series-2-d3962.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Battle Of Guadalcanal DVD MP4 Download USB Flash Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1942: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: World War II: The Pacific War (The Asia-Pacific War, The Asiatic-Pacific Theater, The Pacific Theater Of World War II): The Pacific Ocean Theater Of World War II: The South West Pacific Area (SWPA): Operation Cartwheel: The Solomon Islands Campaign: The Battle Of Guadalcanal (The Guadalcanal Campaign, Operation Watchtower): The Actions Along The Matanikau (The Matanikau Action [September 23-27 - October 6-9, 1942]): The Third Battle Of The Matanikau (The October Action [October 6-9, 1942]): -- The October Matanikau action on Guadalcanal ends as United States Marine Corps forces withdraw back across the Matanikau River after destroying most of the Imperial Japanese Army's 4th Infantry Regiment, thereby ending the Actions Along The Matanikau. Sometimes referred to as the Second and Third Battles of the Matanikau, The Actions Along The Matanikau were two separate but related engagements, which took place in the months of September and October 1942, among a series of engagements between the United States and Imperial Japanese naval and ground forces around the Matanikau River on Guadalcanal (island in the south-western Pacific, northeast of Australia) during the Guadalcanal Campaign. These particular engagements: the first taking place between 23 and 27 September, and the second between 6 and 9 October: were two of the largest and most significant of the Matanikau actions. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-battle-of-guadalcanal-dvd-mp4-download-usb-flash-driv4.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Great Wall Of Iron Chinese People's Army TV Series + Bonus DVD MP4 USB
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1959: #DOTD: Shiro Ishii, Japanese microbiologist, army Surgeon General medical officer and war criminal, director of the infamous Unit 731 biological warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army (b. June 25, 1892) #dies from laryngeal cancer at the age of 67 at a hospital in Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan. Ishii's funeral was chaired by Masaji Kitano, his second-in-command at Unit 731. His burial details are not publicly disclosed. Ishii's daughter, Harumi Ishii, recalled in an interview shortly before his death "One day he took some sample tissue from himself to the University of Tokyo's Faculty of Medicine and asked one of his former subordinates to examine it, without telling him to whom it belonged. When he was told that the tissue was riddled by cancer, he proudly shouted that he had thought so too. No doctor had dared tell him he was suffering from cancer of the throat. He eventually underwent surgery and lost his voice. He was an earnest student of medicine to his last day, taking notes on his physical condition. He told his old professor Ren Kimura who came to visit him at that time: "it's all over now", writing the message because he could no longer speak. Shortly before his death, he asked to be baptised by the late Dr Herman Heuvers, former President of Sophia University in Tokyo. Dr Heuvers and my father were acquainted with each other since before the war. My father had much respect for the German people and their culture. He was baptised into the Roman Catholic Church and took the name Joseph. It seems to me that my father felt relieved somehow." Shiro Ishii was born Ishii Shiro in Chiyoda Mura (now Shibayama) in Chiba Prefecture, Japan. Ishii led the development and application of biological weapons at Unit 731 in Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War from 1937 to 1945, including the bubonic plague attacks at Chinese cities of Changde and Ningbo, and planned the Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night biological attack against the United States. Ishii and his colleagues also engaged in human experimentation, resulting in the deaths of over 10,000 people, most of them civilians or prisoners of war. Ishii was later granted immunity in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East by the United States government in exchange for information and research for the U.S. biological warfare program. The Ishii family was the community's largest landholder and exercised a feudal dominance over the local village and surrounding hamlets. Ishii attended the Chiba Middle School (now Chiba Prefectural Chiba High School) in Chiba City and the Fourth Higher School (now Kanazawa University), a higher school in Kanazawa, Ishikawa Prefecture. Some of his classmates regarded him as brash, abrasive and arrogant. His daughter Harumi felt that Shiro had been "unjustly condemned", saying "my father was a very warm-hearted person...he was so bright that people sometimes could not catch up with the speed of his thinking and that made him irritated, and he shouted at them." In 1916, Ishii enrolled at Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto Imperial University. He graduated in 1920, and married the daughter of Akari Torasaburo, the university's president, in the same year. In 1921, Ishii was commissioned into the Imperial Japanese Army as a military surgeon with the rank of Army Surgeon, First Class (surgeon lieutenant). In 1922, Ishii was assigned to the 1st Army Hospital and Army Medical School in Tokyo, where his work impressed his superiors enough to enable him to return to Kyoto Imperial University to pursue post-graduate medical schooling in 1924. During his studies, Ishii would often grow bacteria "pets" in multiple petri dishes, and his odd practice of raising bacteria as companions rather than as research subjects made him notable to the staff of the university. He did not get along well with his classmates; they would become infuriated as a result of his "pushy behaviour" and "indifference". One of his mentors, Professor Ren Kimura, recalled that Ishii had an odd habit of doing his laboratory work in the middle of the night, using laboratory equipment that had been carefully cleaned by his classmates earlier. His classmates would "really be mad when they came in and found the laboratory equipment dirty the next morning". In 1925, Ishii was promoted to Army Surgeon, Second Class (surgeon captain). By 1927, Ishii was advocating for the creation of a Japanese bio-weapons program, and in 1928 began a two-year tour of the West, where he did extensive research on the effects of biological warfare and chemical warfare developments from World War I onwards. Ishii's travels were highly successful and helped win him the patronage of Sadao Araki, the Japanese Minister of the Army. Ishii also received the backing of Araki's ideological rival in the army, Major-General Tetsuzan Nagata, who was later considered Ishii's "most active supporter" at the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials. In January 1931, Ishii received promotion to Senior Army Surgeon, Third Class (surgeon major). According to Ishii's followers, Ishii was extremely loyal to the Emperor and had an "enthusiastic personality" and "daring and carefree attitude", with eccentric work habits such as working late at night in the lab after hanging out with friends at town. He was also known for his heavy drinking, womanizing and embezzling habits, which were tolerated by his colleagues. Ishii was described as a vehement nationalist, and this helped him gain access to the people who could provide him funds. In 1935, Ishii was promoted to Senior Army Surgeon, Second Class (surgeon lieutenant-colonel). On August 1, 1936, Ishii would be given formal control over Unit 731 and its research facilities. A former member of Unit 731 recalled in 1998 that when he first met Ishii in Tokyo, he was surprised at his commander's appearance: "Ishii was slovenly dressed. His uniform was covered with food stains and ashes from numerous cigarettes. His officer's sword was poorly fastened and dragged on the floor". However, in Manchuria, Ishii would transform into a different character: "he was dressed immaculately. His uniform was spotless, and his sword was tied correctly". As the leader of Unit 731, Ishii conducted a variety of experiments, including vivisections, testing biological weapons on Chinese villages, poisoning by toxins and gases and forcing inmates to inflict syphilis on each other. Ishii's first facility was in the city of Harbin; however, the need for secrecy made it necessary for Ishii to relocate his group to a prison camp 60 miles away. After this camp was blown up by escapees, an installation called Ping Fan was constructed about 14 miles from Harbin. When completed in 1940, what became known as Unit 731 housed some 3,000 personnel. At a ceremony honoring the event, the now General Ishii made the facility's purpose crystal clear. A doctor's "god-given mission," Ishii said, was to block and treat disease, but the work "upon which we are now about to embark is the complete opposite of these principles." In the name of defeating Japan's enemies, Ishii and his staff spent the next five years mixing witch's brews of pathogens that cause some of the world's most horrific diseases: anthrax, plague, gas gangrene, smallpox, and botulism, among others. They then used Chinese prisoners as guinea pigs, forcing them to breathe, eat, and receive injections of deadly pathogens. Allied POWs were also allegedly targeted. Victims were often killed before the diseases had run their course, so autopsies could show their progress through the body. Ishii's men also supplied the Japanese Army with typhoid, cholera, plague, and dysentery bacteria for battlefield use. In addition, they contaminated water sources, released disease-carrying fleas, and dropped contaminated wheat from airplanes. Ishii also reportedly showed Hideki Tojo, who would later become Prime Minister in 1941, films of the experiments over several years. Tojo considered them "unpleasant" and eventually stopped watching them. Although dissolution of Unit 731 in 1945 led to the destruction of many of its records, there is no doubt that Ishii and his men had caused the death of many thousands of Chinese, and possibly hundreds of Russian and Allied prisoners of war. Further promotions for Ishii would follow: he was promoted to Senior Army Surgeon, First Class (surgeon colonel) on 1 March 1938, Assistant Surgeon General (surgeon Major General) on 1 March 1941, and Surgeon General (surgeon Lieutenant General) on 1 March 1945. Emperor Showa rewarded him with a special service medal. Towards the end of the war, Ishii developed a plan to spread plague fleas along the populated west coast of the US, known as Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night. This was targeted for September 22 but the plan was not realized due to the surrender of Japan on August 15, 1945. Ishii and the Japanese government attempted to cover up the facilities and experiments, but ultimately failed with their secret university lab in Tokyo and their main lab in Harbin, China. The Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime Committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army (731?????) in Harbin stands as a museum to the unit and the atrocities they committed. Estimates for the number of people killed by Japanese biological warfare range as high as 300,000. Ishii was later granted immunity in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East by the United States government in exchange for information and research for the U.S. biological warfare program. Ishii was arrested by United States authorities during the Occupation of Japan at the end of World War II and, along with other leaders, was supposed to be thoroughly interrogated by Soviet authorities. Instead, Ishii and his team managed to negotiate and receive immunity in 1946 from Japanese war crimes prosecution before the Tokyo tribunal in exchange for their full disclosure. Although the Soviet authorities wished the prosecutions to take place, the United States objected after the reports of a team of military microbiologists headed by Lieutenant Colonel Murray Sanders stated that the information was "absolutely invaluable"; it "could never have been obtained in the United States because of scruples attached to experiments on humans" and "the information was obtained fairly cheaply." On May 6, 1947, Douglas MacArthur wrote to Washington that "additional data, possibly some statements from Ishii probably can be obtained by informing Japanese involved that information will be retained in intelligence channels and will not be employed as 'War Crimes' evidence." Ishii's immunity deal was concluded in 1948 and he was never prosecuted for any war crimes or crimes against humanity. After being granted immunity, Ishii was hired by the U.S. government to lecture American officers at Fort Detrick on the uses of bioweapons and the findings made by Unit 731. During the Korean War, Ishii reportedly traveled to Korea to take part in the U.S. Army's alleged biological warfare activities. On February 22, 1952, Ishii was explicitly named in a statement made by North Korean Foreign Minister Pak Hon-yong, claiming that he, along with other "Japanese bacteriological war criminals", had been involved in "systematically spreading large quantities of bacteria-carrying insects by aircraft in order to disseminate contagious diseases over our frontline positions and our rear". However, whether the U.S. Army actually used biological weapons against Chinese or North Korean forces, or whether such allegations were mere propaganda, is disputed by historians. After returning to Japan, Ishii opened a clinic, performing examinations and treatments for free. He kept a diary, but it did not make reference to any of his wartime activities with Unit 731. In his last years, Ishii could not speak clearly; he was uncomfortable and on pain medication, speaking in a harsh voice. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-great-wall-of-iron-chinese-people39s-army-history-tv-series-dvd-394.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Classic Movie Trailers & Drive-In Movie Ads DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1900: #BOTD: #HBD! Alastair Sim, Scottish-English character actor and academic who began his theatrical career at the age of thirty and quickly became established as a popular West End performer, remaining so until his death in 1976 (d. August 19, 1976) is #born Alastair George Bell Sim in Edinburgh, Scotland. Starting in 1935, he also appeared in more than fifty British films, including an iconic adaptation of Charles Dickens' novella A Christmas Carol, released in 1951 as Scrooge in Great Britain and as A Christmas Carol in the United States. Though an accomplished dramatic actor, Alastair George Bell Sim, CBE is often remembered for his comically sinister performances. After a series of false starts, including a spell as a jobbing labourer and another as a clerk in a local government office, Sim's love of and talent for poetry reading won him several prizes and led to his appointment as a lecturer in elocution at the University of Edinburgh in 1925. He also ran his own private elocution and drama school, from which, with the help of the playwright John Drinkwater, he made the transition to the professional stage in 1930. Despite his late start, Sim soon became well known on the London stage. A period of more than a year as a member of the Old Vic company brought him wide experience of playing Shakespeare and other classics, to which he returned throughout his career. In the modern repertoire, he formed a close professional association with the author James Bridie, which lasted from 1939 until the dramatist's death in 1951. Sim not only acted in Bridie's works but also directed them. In the later 1940s and for most of the 1950s, Sim was a leading star of British cinema. They included Green for Danger (1946), Hue and Cry (1947), The Happiest Days of Your Life (1950), Scrooge (1951), The Belles of St. Trinian's (1954) and An Inspector Calls (1954). Later, he made fewer films and generally concentrated on stage work, including successful productions at the Chichester Festival and regular appearances in new and old works in the West End. Alastair Sim died in London, England of lung cancer, aged 75. His body was donated to medical science. His widow Naomi, who died on August 3, published a memoir, Skylark: Fifty Years with Alastair Sim in 1987. https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-movie-trailers-and-drivein-movie-ads-dvds-2-disc-se2.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Castle: From Tower To Dungeon Documentary DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1936: #BOTD: #HBD! Brian Blessed, English actor, writer, voice actor, television presenter and singer, is #born at Montagu Hospital in Mexborough, Yorkshire, the son of William Blessed (1906-2005), a socialist coal miner at Hickleton Main Colliery, and Hilda Wall (1909-1997). Brian Blessed OBE is known for his booming voice and for portraying PC "Fancy" Smith in Z-Cars; Augustus in the 1976 BBC television production of I, Claudius; Prince Vultan in the 1980 adaptation of Flash Gordon; Bustopher Jones and Old Deuteronomy in the 1981 original London production of Cats at the New London Theatre; Richard IV in the 1983 first series of The Black Adder (a role Blessed claimesto be one of his most cherished); Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter in the 1989 film adaptation of Henry V; Boss Nass in the 1999 Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace; the voice of Clayton in Disney's 1999 Tarzan; and as as a voice actor, presenter, host and narrator of numerous television productions. In 2016, Blessed was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) for services to the arts and charity. https://store.earthstation1.com/castle-from-tower-to-dungeon--history-of-the-medieval-castle.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: The Open Mind With Bill Jenkins Radio Series DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 2010: #DOTD: #RIP: Zecharia Sitchin, Russian-American author (b. July 11, 1920) #dies aged 90 in New York City. He is buried at New Montefiore Cemetery in West Babylon, New York. Zecharia Sitchin was born to a Jewish family in Baku, the capital of then Soviet Azerbaijan. He was an author of books proposing an explanation for human origins involving ancient astronauts. Sitchin attributed the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the Anunnaki, which he stated was a race of extraterrestrials from a planet beyond Neptune called Nibiru. He asserted that Sumerian mythology suggests that this hypothetical planet of Nibiru is in an elongated, 3,600-year-long elliptical orbit around the sun. Sitchin's books have sold millions of copies worldwide and have been translated into more than 25 languages. https://store.earthstation1.com/the-open-mind-with-bill-jenkins-radio-mp3-dvd-alternate-scienc3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Tommy: The Who In Concert 1989 DVD, Video Download, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1944: #BOTD: #HBD! John Entwistle, English singer, songwriter, film and music producer, and Freemason, best known as the original bass guitarist of The Who from the band's formation until his death, considered by many to be the best rock bass guitarist who ever lived (d. June 27, 2002) is #born John Alec Entwistle in Chiswick, which is now part of London, England. John Entwistle had a music career that spanned more than 40 years, and was the only member of the band to have formal musical training. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Who in 1990. Entwistle's instrumental approach used pentatonic lead lines, and a then-unusual treble-rich sound ("full treble, full volume") created by roundwound RotoSound steel bass strings. He was nicknamed "The Ox" and "Thunderfingers," the latter because his digits became a blur across the four-string fretboard. In 2011, he was voted as the greatest bass guitarist of all time in a Rolling Stone magazine reader's poll, and in its special "100 Greatest Bass Players" issue in 2017, Bass Player Magazine named Entwistle at number seven. John Entwistle died in Room 658 at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Paradise, Nevada, one day before the scheduled first show of the Who's 2002 United States tour. He was 57 years old. Entwistle had gone to bed that night with Alycen Rowse, a local stripper and groupie, who awoke the next morning to find Entwistle cold and unresponsive. The Clark County medical examiner determined that his death was due to a heart attack induced by an undetermined amount of cocaine. Entwistle already had severe heart disease and usually smoked 20 cigarettes a day. Entwistle had undergone a medical examination for insurance purposes before the Who's 2002 tour started. The exam revealed high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Entwistle's authorized biographer Paul Rees has suggested that a more detailed physical examination would have revealed that three of his arteries were blocked and necessitated surgery. His funeral was held at St Edward's Church in Stow-on-the-Wold, Gloucestershire, England, on July 10, 2002. His body was cremated and his ashes were buried privately on the grounds of his mansion, Quarwood. A memorial service was held on October 24 at St Martin-in-the-Fields, Trafalgar Square, London. Entwistle's huge collection of guitars and basses was auctioned at Sotheby's in London by his son, Christopher, to meet anticipated taxes on his father's estate. On Pete Townshend's website, Townshend and Roger Daltrey published a tribute, saying, "The Ox has left the building - we've lost another great friend. Thanks for your support and love. Pete and Roger." Entwistle's mansion, Quarwood, and some of his personal effects were later sold off to meet the demands of the Inland Revenue, a department of the British Government responsible for the collection of direct taxation; he had worked for the agency from 1962 to 1963 as a tax officer before being demoted to filing clerk, prior to joining the Who. One aspect of Entwistle's life which emerged after his death came as a surprise even to those closest to him, including the members of the Who. "It wasn't until the day of his funeral that I discovered that he'd spent most of his life as a Freemason", said Pete Townshend. https://store.earthstation1.com/tommy-the-who-in-concert-live-dvd-universal-amphitheater-890824.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: TV Music & Dance Shows #8 American Action DVD, MP4, USB Flash Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1946: #BOTD: #HBD! Don Baskin, singer, guitarist and founding member of the Syndicate Of Sound (d. October 22, 2019) is #born Donald Baskin in Honolulu, Hawaii. The Syndicate of Sound was an American garage rock band formed in San Jose, California that was first active between 1964 and 1970. Through their national hit "Little Girl", the band developed a raw sound, and became forerunners in the psychedelic rock genre. The group managed to produce two other charting singles and, after their initial breakup in 1970, later reformed with a new lineup. Don Baskin passed away in his sleep at his home in Northern California on Tuesday, October 22, 2019, at the age of 73. His burial place is not publicly disclosed. https://store.earthstation1.com/classic-tv-music-amp-dance-shows-8-where-american-action-is-dv8.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Armed Forces Radio Presents Jubilee! WWII Radio DVD, MP3 Download, USB
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1973: #DOTD: #RIP: Sister Rosetta Tharpe, African American singer, songwriter, guitarist, and recording artist, referred to as "The Original Soul Sister" and "The Godmother Of Rock And Roll" (b. March 20, 1915) #dies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania of a stroke, aged 58. She was buried at Northwood Cemetery in Philadelphia. Sister Rosetta Tharpe was born with the name of either Rosetta Nubin, Rosether Atkins or Rosether Atkinson in Cotton Plant, Arkansas, to Katie Bell Nubin and Willis Atkins, who were cotton pickers (researchers Bob Eagle and Eric LeBlanc give her birth name as Rosether Atkins (or Atkinson), her mother's name being Katie Harper). Sister Rosetta Tharpe attained popularity in the 1930s and 1940s with her gospel recordings, characterized by a unique mixture of spiritual lyrics and rhythmic accompaniment that was extremely important to the origins of rock and roll. She was the first great recording star of gospel music and among the first gospel musicians to appeal to rhythm-and-blues and rock-and-roll audiences. She influenced early rock-and-roll musicians, including Little Richard, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Chuck Berry, Elvis Presley and Jerry Lee Lewis. Tharpe was a pioneer in her guitar technique; she was among the first popular recording artists to use heavy distortion on her electric guitar, presaging the rise of electric blues. Her guitar playing technique had a profound influence on the development of British blues in the 1960s; in particular a European tour with Muddy Waters in 1964 with a stop in Manchester on May 7 is cited by prominent British guitarists such as Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, and Keith Richards. Willing to cross the line between sacred and secular by performing her music of "light" in the "darkness" of nightclubs and concert halls with big bands behind her, Tharpe pushed spiritual music into the mainstream and helped pioneer the rise of pop-gospel, beginning in 1938 with the recording "Rock Me" and with her 1939 hit "This Train". Her unique music left a lasting mark on more conventional gospel artists such as Ira Tucker, Sr., of the Dixie Hummingbirds. While she offended some conservative churchgoers with her forays into the pop world, she never left gospel music. Tharpe's 1944 release "Down by the Riverside" was selected for the National Recording Registry of the U.S. Library of Congress in 2004, which noted that it "captures her spirited guitar playing and unique vocal style, demonstrating clearly her influence on early rhythm-and-blues performers" and cited her influence on "many gospel, jazz, and rock artists". ("Down by the Riverside" was recorded by Tharpe on December 2, 1948, in New York City, and issued as Decca single 48106.) Her 1945 hit "Strange Things Happening Every Day", recorded in late 1944, featured Tharpe's vocals and electric guitar, with Sammy Price (piano), bass and drums. It was the first gospel record to cross over, hitting no. 2 on the Billboard "race records" chart, the term then used for what later became the R & B chart, in April 1945. The recording has been cited as a precursor of rock and roll, and alternatively has been called the first rock and roll record. In May 2018, Tharpe was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as an Early Influence. https://store.earthstation1.com/armed-forces-radio-presents-jubilee-otr-jazz-music-mp3-dv3.html

Today's EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Lux Radio Theatre w/ Cecil B. DeMille MP3 Set DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, October 9. 2025
October 9, 1972: #DOTD: #RIP: Miriam Hopkins, American actress known for her versatility (d. October 18, 1902) #dies in New York City from a heart attack, aged 69. She is buried in Oak City Cemetery in Bainbridge, Georgia. Miriam Hopkins was born Ellen Miriam Hopkins in Savannah, Georgia. Her best-known roles included a pickpocket in Ernst Lubitsch's romantic comedy Trouble in Paradise, bar singer Ivy in Rouben Mamoulian's Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde and the titular character in the controversial drama The Story of Temple Drake. She received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress for the 1935 film Becky Sharp, by which she earned the distinction of being the first performer nominated for a performance in a color picture, and a Golden Globe nomination for The Heiress. She co-starred with Joel McCrea in five films. Her long-running feud with actress Bette Davis was publicized for effect. Hopkins later became a pioneer of TV drama. She was considered a distinguished hostess in Hollywood and moved in intellectual and creative circles. https://store.earthstation1.com/complete-lux-radio-theatre-2-dual-layer-mp3-dvds-cecil-b-demil23.htm